The Relationship Between School Organizational Structure and Tokenism Perception: A Study Based on Teachers' Views
pp. 74-92 | Available Online: June 2025 | DOI: 10.22521/unibulletin.2025.141.5
Oğuz Gürbüz , Tuncay Yavuz Özdemir
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Abstract
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Background/purpose. The main purpose of this research is to examine "the relationship between the structure of schools and teachers' perceptions of tokenism" with the relational research model, one of the quantitative research methods. Materials/methods. The sample group is based on data from 507 teachers, obtained through convenience sampling. Research findings revealed that obstructive bureaucracy in schools had positive and significant effects on all three dimensions of tokenism. Results. This result showed that bureaucratic restrictions in schools increased teachers' perceptions of tokenism. It has been concluded that obstructive bureaucracy, characterized by strict rules and centralist structures, strengthens teachers' perceptions of tokenism. It was determined that the school structure facilitative bureaucracy dimension showed a negative relationship with all sub-dimensions of tokenism, and had a low-level significant effect, especially in the "raised boundaries" dimension. This finding demonstrated that a facilitative school structure can reduce teachers' perceptions of tokenism. Finally, the research revealed that gender differences also influence teachers' perceptions of both tokenism and school structure. |
Conclusion. In this context, the importance of building inclusive, equitable, and supportive school structures has been highlighted to prevent gender-based symbolic pressures and role limitations.
Keywords: Discrimination, tokenism in teachers, tokenism, school structure, obstructive bureaucracy, facilitating bureaucracy
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